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The ''Sverdlov''-class cruisers, Soviet designation Project 68bis, were the last conventional cruisers built for the Soviet Navy, in the 1950s. They were based on Italian pre-Second World War concepts and designs, but modified to be more seaworthy and able to run fast in the rough waters of the North Atlantic. They also carried an extensive suite of radar gear and anti-aircraft artillery in keeping with other post-war designs. The Soviets originally planned to build 40 of the class, which would be supported by the Stalingrad-class battlecruisers and aircraft carriers. This represented a significant risk to the Royal Navy, especially in the North Atlantic. They responded by introducing the Blackburn Buccaneer, a strike aircraft that had the performance to attack the ''Sverdlov''s with impunity. When the building program was cut back and the battlecruisers and carriers were cancelled, the ''Sverdlov''s were left dangerously unprotected outside the cover of land-based aircraft. Operating on their own as commerce raiders they would be extremely vulnerable. Construction was cancelled by Nikita Khrushchev in 1954 after 14 examples had been completed. Two additional hulls were scrapped on the slip and four partially complete ''Sverdlov''s launched in 1954 but were scrapped in 1959. The remaining fleet remained in service through the 1970s when the underwent a limited modernization program, before finally leaving service in the late 1980s. Only ''Mikhail Kutuzov'' is preserved, in Novorossiysk. == Design == These ships were improved and slightly enlarged versions of the . They had the same main armament, machinery and side protection as the earlier ships, but had increased fuel capacity for greater range, an all welded hull, improved underwater protection, increased anti aircraft artillery and radar. The ultimate radar suite was: *1x 'Big Net' or 'Top Trough' air search radar *1x 'High Sieve' or 'Low Sieve' air search radar *1x 'Knife Rest' air search radar * *1x 'Slim Net' air search radar *1x 'Don-2' or 'Neptune' navigational radar *2x 'Sun Visor' gun fire control radars *2x 'Top Bow' 152mm gun fire control radars *8x 'Egg Cup' gun fire control radars *2x 'Watch Dog' ECM systems ''Admiral Nakhimov'' had an SS-N-1 anti-ship missile launcher installed in place of "A" and "B" turrets as a trial in 1957. This installation was not successful, the ship was rapidly decommissioned and was used as a target ship in 1961. ''Dzerzhinsky'' had a SAM launcher for the SA-2 missile, replacing the aft turrets in 1960-62. This conversion was also not successful and no further ships were converted. As the entire missile installation was above the armoured deck and the missile itself, based on the SA-2 "Guideline" was liquid-fueled (acid/kerosene), it would have represented a serious hazard to the ship in action. ''Senyavin'' and ''Zhdanov'' were converted into command ships in 1971 by replacing the aft turrets with extra accommodation and electronics. The two command ships were fitted with a helicopter deck and hangar together with a SA-N-4 SAM missile system and 4 twin 30 mm guns. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sverdlov-class cruiser」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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